Every solve on the leaderboard is built from the same three components: the number of steps in your final path, a penalty for each submitted guess after your first, and any hint penalties you used. Lower is always better, and a perfect run means finding the shortest possible path on the very first submission without any hints.
Path length is the biggest driver of your score. The optimal path for each puzzle is determined before it goes live, so you always know the minimum possible step count once you have solved it. Saving one extra step shaves more off your score than avoiding a single extra guess, which is why experienced players focus on finding shorter routes before they worry about submission count.
Hints always add score penalties, so they cost you both on the daily leaderboard and on your all-time average. The board shows average score across all solved puzzles, not just your best day, which means consistent clean solves matter more than one exceptional run.